| Denim is a rugged cotton twill textile, in which the weft | | | | life. This creates what many enthusiasts feel to be a |
| passes under two (twi- "double") or more warp fibers. | | | | more natural, unique look than pre-distressed denim. |
| This produces the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on | | | | shirtTo facilitate the natural distressing process, some |
| the reverse of the fabric, which distinguishes denim | | | | wearers of dry denim will often abstain from washing |
| from cotton duck. Denim has been in American usage | | | | their jeans for more than six months,[3] though it is not |
| since the late eighteenth century.[1] The word comes | | | | a necessity for fading. Often, enthusiasts will just hang |
| from the name of a sturdy fabric called serge, originally | | | | their unwashed denim to help get rid of the smell. |
| made in Nmes, France, by the Andre family. Originally | | | | Selvage denim (also called selvedge denim) is a type |
| called serge de N?mes, the name was soon | | | | of denim which forms a clean natural edge that does |
| shortened to denim.[2] Denim was traditionally colored | | | | not unravel. It is commonly presented in the unwashed |
| blue with indigo dye to make blue "jeans," though "jean" | | | | or raw state. Typically, the selvage edges will be |
| then denoted a different, lighter cotton textile; the | | | | located along the outseam of the pants, making it |
| contemporary use of jean comes from the French | | | | visible when cuffs are worn. Although selvage denim is |
| word for Genoa, Italy (Gnes), where the first denim | | | | not completely synonymous with unwashed denim, the |
| trousers were made. | | | | presence of selvage typically implies that the denim |
| A similarly woven traditional American cotton textile is | | | | used is a higher quality. |
| the diagonal warp-striped hickory cloth that was once | | | | The word "selvage" comes from the phrase |
| associated with railroadmen's overalls, in which blue or | | | | "self-edge", the natural edge of a roll of fabric. In this |
| black contrasting with undyed white threads form the | | | | case, denim made on old-style shuttle looms. These |
| woven pattern. Hickory cloth was characterized as | | | | looms weave fabric with one continuous cross thread |
| being as rugged as hickory woodot to mention the | | | | (the weft) that is passed back and forth all the way |
| fact that it was deemed to be worn mainly by | | | | down the length of the bolt. As the weft loops back |
| "hicks"lthough neither may be the origin of that term | | | | into the edge of the denim it creates this elf-edgeor |
| [from a nickname for "Richard"]. Records of a group | | | | Selvage. Selvage is desirable because the edge can |
| of New Yorkers headed for the California gold fields in | | | | fray like lower grade denims that have separate |
| 1849 show that they took along four "hickory shirts" | | | | wefts which leave an open edge that must be |
| apiece. Hickory cloth would later furnish the material for | | | | stitched. Shuttle looming is a more time-consuming |
| some "fatigue" pantaloons and shirts in the American | | | | weaving process that produces denim of a tighter |
| Civil War.word dungarees, to identify heavy cotton | | | | weave resulting in a heavier weight fabric that lasts. |
| pants such as overalls, can be traced to a thick cotton | | | | Shuttle looms weave a more narrow piece of fabric, |
| country-made cloth, Dongari Kapar, which was sold in | | | | and thus a longer piece of fabric is required to make a |
| the quarter contiguous to the Dongari Killa, the fort of | | | | pair of jeans (approximately 3 yards). To maximize |
| what was then known as Bombay (Hobson Johnson | | | | yield, traditional jean makers use the fabric all the way |
| Dictionary). The word entered English with just this | | | | to the selvage edge. When the cuff is turned up the |
| meaning in 1696 (OED). Dongri Fort was rebuilt in 1769 | | | | two selvage edges, where the denim is sewn |
| as Fort George, Bombay, where the first cotton mill | | | | together, can be seen. The selvage edge is usually |
| was established in 1854. Dyed in indigo, the traditional | | | | stiched with colored thread: green, white, brown, yellow, |
| cloth was used by Portuguese sailors and cut wide so | | | | and red (red is the most common). Fabric mills used |
| that the legs could be swiftly rolled up when | | | | these colors to differentiate between fabrics. |
| necessary. Thus, dungarees have a separate history. | | | | Most selvage jeans today are dyed with synthetic |
| Dry or raw denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a | | | | indigo, but natural indigo dye is available in smaller niche |
| denim fabric that is not washed after being dyed | | | | denim labels. Loop dying machines feed a rope of |
| during its production. Over time, denim will generally | | | | cotton yarn through vats of indigo dye and then back |
| fade, which is often considered desirable.ethnic"> | | | | out. The dye is allowed to oxidize before the next dip. |
| shirtMost denim is washed after being crafted into an | | | | Multiple dips create a deep dark indigo blue. |
| article of clothing in order to make it softer and to | | | | In response to increased demand for jeans in the |
| eliminate any shrinkage which could cause an item to | | | | 1950's, American denim manufacturers replaced the |
| not fit after the owner washes it. In addition to being | | | | old shuttle style looms with modern projectile looms. |
| washed, non-dry denim is sometimes artificially | | | | The new looms produced fabric faster and wider |
| "distressed" to achieve a worn-in look. | | | | (60-inches or wider), yet lighter and less durable. |
| Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that | | | | Synthetic dyeing techniques along with post-dye |
| with time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to | | | | treatments were introduced to control shrink and twist. |
| factory distressed denim. With dry denim, however, | | | | Raymond, India is major supplier of Denim high quality |
| such fading is affected by the body of the person | | | | denim in India and European market. |
| who wears the jeans and the activities of their daily | | | | A similarly woven traditional American cotton textile is |
| life. This creates what many enthusiasts feel to be a | | | | the diagonal warp-striped hickory cloth that was once |
| more natural, unique look than pre-distressed | | | | associated with railroadmen's overalls, in which blue or |
| denim.facilitate the natural distressing process, some | | | | black contrasting with undyed white threads form the |
| wearers of dry denim will often abstain from washing | | | | woven pattern. Hickory cloth was characterized as |
| their jeans for more than six months,[3] though it is not | | | | being as rugged as hickory woodot to mention the |
| a necessity for fading. Often, enthusiasts will just hang | | | | fact that it was deemed to be worn mainly by |
| their unwashed denim to help get rid of the smell. | | | | "hicks"lthough neither may be the origin of that term |
| Selvage denim (also called selvedge denim) is a type | | | | [from a nickname for "Richard"]. Records of a group |
| of denim which forms a clean natural edge that does | | | | of New Yorkers headed for the California gold fields in |
| not unravel. It is commonly presented in the unwashed | | | | 1849 show that they took along four "hickory shirts" |
| or raw state. Typically, the selvage edges will be | | | | apiece. Hickory cloth would later furnish the material for |
| located along the outseam of the pants, making it | | | | some "fatigue" pantaloons and shirts in the American |
| visible when cuffs are worn. Although selvage denim is | | | | Civil War. |
| not completely synonymous with unwashed denim, the | | | | The word dungarees, to identify heavy cotton pants |
| presence of selvage typically implies that the denim | | | | such as overalls, can be traced to a thick cotton |
| used is a higher quality.word "selvage" comes from the | | | | country-made cloth, Dongari Kapar, which was sold in |
| phrase "self-edge", the natural edge of a roll of fabric. | | | | the quarter contiguous to the Dongari Killa, the fort of |
| In this case, denim made on old-style shuttle looms. | | | | what was then known as Bombay (Hobson Johnson |
| These looms weave fabric with one continuous cross | | | | Dictionary). The word entered English with just this |
| thread (the weft) that is passed back and forth all the | | | | meaning in 1696 (OED). Dongri Fort was rebuilt in 1769 |
| way down the length of the bolt. As the weft loops | | | | as Fort George, Bombay, where the first cotton mill |
| back into the edge of the denim it creates this | | | | was established in 1854. Dyed in indigo, the traditional |
| elf-edgeor Selvage. Selvage is desirable because the | | | | cloth was used by Portuguese sailors and cut wide so |
| edge can fray like lower grade denims that have | | | | that the legs could be swiftly rolled up when |
| separate wefts which leave an open edge that must | | | | necessary. Thus, dungarees have a separate history. |
| be stitched. Shuttle looming is a more time-consuming | | | | Dry or raw denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a |
| weaving process that produces denim of a tighter | | | | denim fabric that is not washed after being dyed |
| weave resulting in a heavier weight fabric that lasts. | | | | during its production. Over time, denim will generally |
| Shuttle looms weave a more narrow piece of fabric, | | | | fade, which is often considered desirable. |
| and thus a longer piece of fabric is required to make a | | | | Most denim is washed after being crafted into an |
| pair of jeans (approximately 3 yards). To maximize | | | | article of clothing in order to make it softer and to |
| yield, traditional jean makers use the fabric all the way | | | | eliminate any shrinkage which could cause an item to |
| to the selvage edge. When the cuff is turned up the | | | | not fit after the owner washes it. In addition to being |
| two selvage edges, where the denim is sewn | | | | washed, non-dry denim is sometimes artificially |
| together, can be seen. The selvage edge is usually | | | | "distressed" to achieve a worn-in look. |
| stiched with colored thread: green, white, brown, yellow, | | | | Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that |
| and red (red is the most common). Fabric mills used | | | | with time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to |
| these colors to differentiate between fabrics. | | | | factory distressed denim. With dry denim, however, |
| Most selvage jeans today are dyed with synthetic | | | | such fading is affected by the body of the person |
| indigo, but natural indigo dye is available in smaller niche | | | | who wears the jeans and the activities of their daily |
| denim labels. Loop dying machines feed a rope of | | | | life. This creates what many enthusiasts feel to be a |
| cotton yarn through vats of indigo dye and then back | | | | more natural, unique look than pre-distressed denim. |
| out. The dye is allowed to oxidize before the next dip. | | | | To facilitate the natural distressing process, some |
| Multiple dips create a deep dark indigo blue. | | | | wearers of dry denim will often abstain from washing |
| In response to increased demand for jeans in the | | | | their jeans for more than six months,[3] though it is not |
| 1950's, American denim manufacturers replaced the | | | | a necessity for fading. Often, enthusiasts will just hang |
| old shuttle style looms with modern projectile looms. | | | | their unwashed denim to help get rid of the smell. |
| The new looms produced fabric faster and wider | | | | Selvage denim (also called selvedge denim) is a type |
| (60-inches or wider), yet lighter and less durable. | | | | of denim which forms a clean natural edge that does |
| Synthetic dyeing techniques along with post-dye | | | | not unravel. It is commonly presented in the unwashed |
| treatments were introduced to control shrink and twist. | | | | or raw state. Typically, the selvage edges will be |
| Raymond, India is major supplier of Denim high quality | | | | located along the outseam of the pants, making it |
| denim in India and European market. | | | | visible when cuffs are worn. Although selvage denim is |
| A similarly woven traditional American cotton textile is | | | | not completely synonymous with unwashed denim, the |
| the diagonal warp-striped hickory cloth that was once | | | | presence of selvage typically implies that the denim |
| associated with railroadmen's overalls, in which blue or | | | | used is a higher quality. |
| black contrasting with undyed white threads form the | | | | The word "selvage" comes from the phrase |
| woven pattern. Hickory cloth was characterized as | | | | "self-edge", the natural edge of a roll of fabric. In this |
| being as rugged as hickory woodot to mention the | | | | case, denim made on old-style shuttle looms. These |
| fact that it was deemed to be worn mainly by | | | | looms weave fabric with one continuous cross thread |
| "hicks"lthough neither may be the origin of that term | | | | (the weft) that is passed back and forth all the way |
| [from a nickname for "Richard"]. Records of a group | | | | down the length of the bolt. As the weft loops back |
| of New Yorkers headed for the California gold fields in | | | | into the edge of the denim it creates this elf-edgeor |
| 1849 show that they took along four "hickory shirts" | | | | Selvage. Selvage is desirable because the edge can |
| apiece. Hickory cloth would later furnish the material for | | | | fray like lower grade denims that have separate |
| some "fatigue" pantaloons and shirts in the American | | | | wefts which leave an open edge that must be |
| Civil War. | | | | stitched. Shuttle looming is a more time-consuming |
| topsThe word dungarees, to identify heavy cotton | | | | weaving process that produces denim of a tighter |
| pants such as overalls, can be traced to a thick cotton | | | | weave resulting in a heavier weight fabric that lasts. |
| country-made cloth, Dongari Kapar, which was sold in | | | | Shuttle looms weave a more narrow piece of fabric, |
| the quarter contiguous to the Dongari Killa, the fort of | | | | and thus a longer piece of fabric is required to make a |
| what was then known as Bombay (Hobson Johnson | | | | pair of jeans (approximately 3 yards). To maximize |
| Dictionary). The word entered English with just this | | | | yield, traditional jean makers use the fabric all the way |
| meaning in 1696 (OED). Dongri Fort was rebuilt in 1769 | | | | to the selvage edge. When the cuff is turned up the |
| as Fort George, Bombay, where the first cotton mill | | | | two selvage edges, where the denim is sewn |
| was established in 1854. Dyed in indigo, the traditional | | | | together, can be seen. The selvage edge is usually |
| cloth was used by Portuguese sailors and cut wide so | | | | stiched with colored thread: green, white, brown, yellow, |
| that the legs could be swiftly rolled up when | | | | and red (red is the most common). Fabric mills used |
| necessary. Thus, dungarees have a separate history. | | | | these colors to differentiate between fabrics. |
| Dry or raw denim, as opposed to washed denim, is a | | | | Most selvage jeans today are dyed with synthetic |
| denim fabric that is not washed after being dyed | | | | indigo, but natural indigo dye is available in smaller niche |
| during its production. Over time, denim will generally | | | | denim labels. Loop dying machines feed a rope of |
| fade, which is often considered desirable. | | | | cotton yarn through vats of indigo dye and then back |
| shirtMost denim is washed after being crafted into | | | | out. The dye is allowed to oxidize before the next dip. |
| an article of clothing in order to make it softer and to | | | | Multiple dips create a deep dark indigo blue. |
| eliminate any shrinkage which could cause an item to | | | | In response to increased demand for jeans in the |
| not fit after the owner washes it. In addition to being | | | | 1950's, American denim manufacturers replaced the |
| washed, non-dry denim is sometimes artificially | | | | old shuttle style looms with modern projectile looms. |
| "distressed" to achieve a worn-in look. | | | | The new looms produced fabric faster and wider |
| Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that | | | | (60-inches or wider), yet lighter and less durable. |
| with time the fabric will fade in a manner similar to | | | | Synthetic dyeing techniques along with post-dye |
| factory distressed denim. With dry denim, however, | | | | treatments were introduced to control shrink and twist. |
| such fading is affected by the body of the person | | | | Raymond, India is major supplier of Denim high quality |
| who wears the jeans and the activities of their daily | | | | denim in India and European market. |