| Introduction | | | | The optimum dye solution is utilized to standardize the |
| In recent years the usage of natural dyes and colors | | | | dye concentration. The dyes undergo the procedure |
| for fabric dyeing has witnessed its revival due to | | | | of absorption in the solar cooker time ranging from |
| hazardous experience due to effects of synthetic | | | | 30-180 minutes. The absorption power of the silk fabric |
| dyes and chemicals. The natural dyes are eco-friendly, | | | | determines the dyeing time |
| harmless and non-toxic in nature. Also, the usage of | | | | Concentration of acid: |
| renewable sources of energy in textile and apparel | | | | The two acids used for dilution are acetic and nitric |
| industry has been increased due to many advantages | | | | acid. From each of diluted acid, 20 ml is mixed into the |
| associated with it. Solar energy usage for dyeing | | | | dye bath. The dyes are examined for their absorption |
| purpose is a cost effective method. In hot countries like | | | | power. This examination is done visually. |
| India, the sun shines bright for 60% of the day, using | | | | Mordants usage: |
| solar energy to dye silk fabric with turmeric dye is | | | | The mordants discussed earlier Alum and Stannous |
| cheap and environment friendly method. | | | | chloride are used here. The process of dyeing and |
| Things required | | | | mordanting are done together. Both these mordants |
| There are certain things required in order to dye the | | | | are mixed with water which results into optimized |
| silk with turmeric dye which are listed as follows- | | | | mordants. |
| turmeric plant stems, raw silk fabric yarn, diluted nitric & | | | | Procedure for mordanting: |
| acetic acid and mordants like alum & stannous chloride. | | | | There are two methods in mordanting premordanting |
| Before applying the dye to the fabric the process of | | | | and postmordanting. The pre-requisite of this process |
| removing sericin from silk is done. Here the silk fabric is | | | | is to keep other things like dyeing time, acid |
| first treated with ezee kept in it for approximately one | | | | concentration, etc. steady. By looking at the dyes the |
| hour then washed and dried. This whole process is | | | | method of mordanting i.e. pre or postmordanting to be |
| known as degumming. | | | | used is decided. |
| Enhancing of dyeing parameters | | | | Appropriate dyeing conditions: |
| To dye the silk fabric with turmeric dyes certain | | | | 1. The right level of dye concentration is 3g per 100ml |
| procedures are to be followed. The dye dilution, the | | | | of water used for 1 gram for silk fabric as it was |
| time taken for its extraction, time for dyeing, amount of | | | | observed that the percentage of absorption of dye by |
| mordant used and mordanting process are to be | | | | silk fabric is best if done in this measurement. |
| taken care of to result into turmeric dyed silk fabrics | | | | 2. As stated earlier four different dye extraction time |
| which is evenly dyed with no color patches or | | | | was used- 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes, however it was |
| differences in shade. | | | | found that 60mins/1hour time duration produced |
| Not only yellow color is produced through dyeing with | | | | turmeric dye with maximum absorbency. |
| turmeric dyeing but also many other colors are | | | | 3. The right level of acid concentration in dye bath is, |
| produced when turmeric dye is mixed with other | | | | for acetic acid is 2% and 3% for nitric acid. After this |
| colors, like - orange, green, blue color with addition of | | | | concentration the dye absorbency decreases. |
| indigo and red color with addition of safflowers and | | | | 4. The best concentration for mordants was 0.4g for |
| mango rind. | | | | stannous chloride and 5g for Alum. Use of appropriate |
| You might think how both red and yellow colors are | | | | mordent concentration helps in better absorption of |
| produced through turmeric dye in its original form, the | | | | turmeric dye on silk fabric. |
| answer lies in the type of liquid used for concentration. | | | | 5. It was found that the turmeric dye's absorbency |
| When the solution is prepared in acidic liquid it would | | | | was better with stannous chloride and postmordanting |
| produce yellow dye and when alkali liquid is used it | | | | method was better than premordanting method. |
| would produce red dye. | | | | Conclusion |
| Time for dye extraction: | | | | The silk fabric dyed with turmeric dye using solar |
| In order to extract the dye, aqueous mode is utilized. | | | | energy gives better results. Color evenness and better |
| The dye is examined for its evenness and color shade | | | | dye absorbency is experienced when dyeing the silk |
| by quality control supervisors before applying to the | | | | fabric by turmeric dyes. The existing silk dyeing units |
| fabric. The turmeric powder is which is one gram is | | | | are being encouraged to use turmeric dyeing method. |
| diluted with 100 ml of water. Four such solutions are | | | | It does not pose any chemical harm on part of the |
| prepared. Each one is boiled for four different time | | | | dyer as well as the wearer. Also the added benefit is |
| period i.e. 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes in a solar cooker. | | | | that the government also supports such environment |
| Time taken for dyeing: | | | | friendly processes. |